english Notes

LITERATURE FORM 1 – INTERPRETING LITERARY WORKS

msomimaktaba,

Intensive reading: Involves comprehension and summary while reading a class reader (books) its chapters, the following activities should be done.

  1. Understanding the writing and pictures on the front cover, usually they summarize or give a piece of information of what is in the class reader (book)
  2. Title of the class reader (book)

–      A name or topic which is discussed in the chapters

  1. Author: A person writes a book must be memorized.
  2. Main or chief character(s) he/ she is the main actor
  3. Minor character persons or animals in the story
  4. Setting (venue – A particular place in which the story take place Example, Dar es salaam, Nairobi, Kampala etc
  5. Difficult words should be selected and their meaning understood either by using a dictionary (decretive memory) or according how they are used in the book.
  6. To summarize each chapter in one or two sentences and finally the whole book into one to five sentences.
  7. The lesson one can learn from the book.
  8. The importance or significance or relevant of the book in society

It is still useful or not

Intensive reading     therefore means reading deeply while extensive reading refers to reading widely (a lot of book)

 
 

Skimming – Narrow information  into one sentences or passage  

Scanning    – Reading intensively for specific information  

 
 

Definition of teams  

  1. Author             –        A person who write a book or storing
  2. Plot                  –        The main sequence of events in a play, novel
  3. Theme              –        Subject of a taller, piece of writing
  4. Chapter            –        main division of a book
  5. Character         –        Particular nature of someone
  6. Setting             –        way of place in which something is setting
  7. Summary         –        A brief statement of the main point
  8. Comprehension-        The ability to understand
  9. Publisher         –       A company or person that Publisher, book, News,

Paper, Journal

 
 

CLASS READER I. Who is the author?

The author is Richard S. Mabala

 
 

II. List of what you see in front

  1. Hawa the bus driver
  2. The bus
  3. Ubungo plaza (the weather building)
  4. 114 (the number route of the car)
  5. UDA (the name of a car)
  6. Isuzu (the name of the company of the car)
  7. T 140 ADS (the plate number of the car)

(h)Coconut tree

(i)   Route of the bus K/Koo

 
 

 
 

  1. Mention the name of the publish. The publisher is Ben and company Ltd.
  2. Who is the main character of the whole book why? Hawa is the main character of the book because she is the one who the whole story is taking about her being a bus driver.
  3. Names of the character
  4. Selemani
  5. Hawa
  6. Mzee Athumani
  7. Saada
  8. Hassani

 
 

Hawa the bus driver 

CHAPTER I 

HAWA’S DESCRIPTION  

  • Famous in Dar es salaam
  • Very strong woman, tall, tough
  • Weight 82kgs
  • Bus driver
  • The lioness

 
 

SELEMANI  

  • Husband of Hawa
  • Worker at Urafiki Texttile Mill
  • A medicine operator
  • Tall, strong
  • Smilling, cool

 
 

CHAPTER II, HAWA’S DAY 

  • Hawa lives in Manzese, suburb of Dar es Salaam.
  • Two children Hassan and Sauda
  • Primary school teacher George
  • A nurse Chausiku, best friend of Hawa

CHAPTER III HAWA AND THE DRUNKED 

  • Hawa focus trouble from a drunkard
  • The conductor, Meshack co-operates with passengers to help Hawa comfort the drunkard –      The drunkard is taken to police station.

 
 

CHAPTER IV HAWA AND THE THIEVES 

  • During the night shift, A man with a pistol pointed at Hawa
  • Hawa hijacked  and ordered to drive to Mbezi
  • Made attack with a passenger who was in a blue overall
  • Hawa stopped the bus abruptly
  • The thief was overcome by grabbing the pistol
  • The passengers helped
  • The thief was taken to the police station
  • Hawa becomes the Heroine with mind that arms are like baobab trees.

 
 

CHAPTER V

Accidents are common in Dar es salaam due to drivers negligence, driving to fast disobey traffic lights, ignore other cars

      Changu ni changu  chota chako kwingine

 Bus coach hit a primary school boy

  • Hawa takes troubles to take him to hosp[ital
  • Passengers are angry  as well as police officers her hart is as sweet as ripe mango

 
 

CHAPTER VI SELEMAN IS JEALOUS 

  • Seleman is jealous  because his wife is more famous

 
 

Hawa the great 

  • Some of Selemani’s friends advised him that it is wrong for a wife to be famous and bad to drive a bus
  • Selemani orders his wife a stop driving and stay at home.
  • Unwilling  Hawa decides to resign
  • Before submitting a resignation letter her fellow drivers advice her not to do so until they take with her husband
  • After a long discussion selemani changes his mind and allow Hawa to drive after seeking his opinion to.
  • Hawa and Seleman, continued to live happy together.                    

 
 

Lesson or significance or importance

Generally, Hawa the bus driver is still relevant in society.

  • Heroine drivers
  • Role of women to prepare breakfast/ meal for the family
  • Mockery against women who exceed in society above men has no place anymore.
  • Hijackers of business and planes
  • Accidents in urban areas/ cities and highways
  • Healous of husband who do not like to hear their wife.

 
 

Structure Articles a, an, the, are called articles

A: uses  of article “a and an” (Indefinite Articles) 

  1. “a” is used for countable singular Nouns

Example: a book, a boy

“an” is also used for countable singular Nouns but those which start with a pronunciation of a vowel a, e, I, o, u etc.

Example: an elephant, an egg

But we can also say an honest man because although the word honest start with “h” yet “h” is not pronounced. In pronunciation the word starts with a vowel “O”           /Onist/

  1. a/an are used to refer to things which are not clear to us (indefinite)

          Example

  • A national party (which one?)
  • A man is outside (who?)

 
 

(i)           a/an are used to introduce something or a person for the first time.

Example:

I bought a radio.

The radio was stolen after two weeks

 
 

(ii)          an/a are used with illness

Example

I have a cold/ a headache

I have a stomachache

Note: we don’t use articles with plurals

Example: measles, mumps

We also don’t use articles with: blood pressure, flu, gout or hepatitis

You cannot say

I have a blood pressure but you can say

I have blood pressure

(iii)        an/a are used when describing someone‘s nationality.

Example: 

She is an American

He is an African She is a Tanzanian

Note:

Do not put a if the Noun is plural

Example: I saw a boys (No!)

But: I saw boys (Yes)

 
 

Exercise 

Put in the space below article a or an or put a dash (-) if no article is needed

  1. I can repair __________ car
  2. I can write__________ letters
  3. I can eat______________ onion
  4. Use_______ ruler to draw ___________lines
  5. I am ________Tanzania

 
 

DEFINITE ARTICLE “The” 

Uses of “the” is used with the following things:

  1. Organizations 

E.g. the OAU, the UNO

  1. ships

E.g. The M.V Express

 
 

  1. before certain expressions of time 

e.g.    – in the afternoon

          – on the previous day

  1. On public bodies

e.g. the police, the RTD

 
 

  1. HISTORICAL EVENTS: 

e.g.    The Arusha declaration The majimaji war  (vi)Political parties

e.g.    The UMD party

          The NPP

         
 

  1. The press

e.g. The Daily News

  1. River 

E.g. The Ganges, The Nile

(ix)Before musical instruments e.g. He plays the guitar

 (x) Mountains e.g. The  Alps The Kilimanjaro (xi)Ocean

e.g. The Atlantic

 
 

  1. Things mentioned for the second time 

e.g.     I bought a shirt and an umbrella,           The shirt is now old

  1. Used before the name of a country which consist of an Adjective!

Example:

The United Kingdom

The Soviet Union

The United Arab

But not;

          The West German

          The Great Britain

          The New Zealand

  1. Things which are unique (the only one) e.g.    The stars,

The moon,

The God,

The Angles,

The Kilimanjaro hotel,

The Hilton

  
 

(xv)Used before superlative e.g.    The biggest boy The most beautiful girl

 
 

(xvi) The only thing found in the house    e.g.    The wall

             The window

             The roof

             The kitchen              The floor

Note: Do not use articles

  1. In front of uncountable Nouns

e.g. I like  butter

  1. With languages

e.g.  English is a world language

  1. In front proper Nouns

e.g.  Mwamsiku is our Headmaster

 
 

INTERPRETING POEMS 

POETRY 

Definition:   is an art which uses imaginative language in a pattern of lines and sounds to express deep thought, feeling or human experience.

     However there are different definitions of the term poetry depending on the author, we can generally define poetry as the art of composing or writing poems.

 Note: poems are meant for singing

 
 

 Structure of poetry 

  1. What is a poem?

It is a piece of writing arranged in patterns of lines and sounds.

 
 

  1. What is poet?It is an artist of writer who composes poems

 
 

  1. What is stanza?It is a group of lines divisions in a poem

 
 

  1. What is a verse?

It is a single line in a poem

 
 

  1. What is simile?

It is a way of comparing things using words like……………as…………or like……………………….

 
 

  1. What is metaphor?

It is a way of comparing things without words of comparison

 
 

  1. What is imaginary?

It is an art of drawing word picture by comparing the reality of what is talked about to different but relevant aspect of reality.

 
 

  1. What is rhyme?  

Words with some sound at the end of the verse e.g. fly, tie, pie.

 
 

  1. What is alliteration?

Words with some sound  at the beginning of words in verse reinforce the meaning.

 
 

Example: pixpox , pax pox etc.

1. What is reiteration?

It is repetition of a word, a verse or even a stanza for a particular effect

e.g. You are dead and dead and dead indeed

 
 

POETRY ANALYSIS 

  1. Content – What the poem is about or what to describes
  2. Themes/ Message – Lessons we learn from the poem or novels message

e.g. ignorance, exploitation, friendship

3. Form – how the poem is arranged (stanza and verses) 4. Mood –  attitude of the poet

e.g. happiness, anger, seriousness, etc.

5. Symbolism – using a person or object /animals as if they re people

 
 

Example: 

EAT MORE GRASS (JOE CORRIE) 

“Eat more grass” the slogan says more fish, more beef, more bread but I’m on unemploymentpay my third year now and weed.

 
 

Read the following poem very fast 

Katai is a Masai

Katai can tie and untie a tie If katai can tie and untie a tie

Why can’t I tie a tie?

Like katai, cantie

And untie a tie?

Questions

  1. Which tribe is katai?……………………..
  2. What can katai do?……………………….

 
 

Structure 

BETWEEN/AMONG 

Between      –        is used with two things

Among        –        is used with more than two things

 
 

Examples: 

  • Kibile is standing between two girls
  • Riwa Kariwa is standing among four girls
  • The car is between two buses
  • Ruth is among ten girls who failed the exams.

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